The author describes the forms found in material obtained from a human lesion localized in the mouth. The patient was a farmer and the diagnosis unknown. The author found yeast forms, some germinating, resembling those found in the mycosis of LUTZ. It was Sporotricosis and only once, in 96 cases, has the author found these fungous forms in the suspected material. The cultures in Sabouraud glucose and in many other media were positive for Sporotrichum, resembling that described by BENEDEK in 1926 (variety?) principally by the reddish colour of some cultures. The author thinks there is, perhaps, a mutation influenced by the surroundings and the light in certain cultures and that the dark pigment is the dominant one. He considers that the pigment will not do for the differentiation of species and that it is, really, Sporotrichum Schencki-Beurmanni. The author calls attention to the question of diagnosis and studies separately, each of the elements in which his opinion is based, finding that only a macro and microscopic study of the cultures decides the question.

In this work, the author considers that in Brazil, there exist three forms of the disease of the Exanthematic Typhus group, that have been well studied: Neotropic Exanthematic Typhus, Murine Typhus and "Q" fever. The first of these forms has existed in this country, perhaps, for over five hundred years. He says that modern antibiotic, Aureomycin, Chloromycetin and, principally, Terramcin have resolved the problem of the therapeutic treatment of the disease. The modern insecticides, D. D. T., Gammexane and Toxafeno have resolved the prophylactic problem. The author studies minutely the question of denomination, showing, by means of drawing and history, the origin of the diseases, both Norte American and Brazilian. The name Neotropic Exanthematic Typhus (in BRazil, Colombia, United States or India) should substitute the erroneous anme "Spotted Fever"; the disease is exanthematic, a very different thing. He formulates two hypotheses about these diseases: first - it passed from the neotropic to the neartic region, where it acquired individual properties; second - they developed independently in a more rmeote epoch, acquiring each its own characteristics. The disease is today rather of the neotropic than of the neartic region. As it also exists in India it cannot be named American exanthematic Typhus. The author finds it unnecessary to change the name to "Rikettsioses"; we do not call bacillar dysentery "Schigeloses"or malignant edema "Chlostridiose". The name exanthematic typhus is classic, precise, scientific, expressive and the denomination "neotropical" completes the localisation. The author thinks that all the diseases of the exanthematic typhus group, in the world had a simple primitive common origin. At first, the rickettsias or the virus had a free life, perhaps in the waters of the marshes or grass-lands. Later, in the struggle for life, came the parasitism of the plants. They became fitoparatifs. The mode of life...

In this work the author publishes an observation of a human case, which he believes to be the second in South America, of "Q" fever in Minas Gerais. The first positive data and the first observation were made in S. Paulo by Dr. Helvecio Brandão and there communicated to the S. Paulo Medical Association in 1951 and 1954. The first part was published in 1953; the second part is yet unpublished. The author of the present work cured his patient with Terramycine. He thinks that greater research should be made amongst the workpeople who have to do with cattle in the pastures and slaughterhouses in order to verify the extent of the disease amongst us. Belo Horizonte Dezembro de 1954

O extrato total placentário humano, o Apoidin (Park-Davis) (hormônio sexual pré-hipofisoide), a Cortone (Merk, U.S.A. - acetato de Cortisona) e o sangue placentário total humano citratado, quando injetados como terpêutica curativa, não tiveram influência alguma benéfica na evolução da doença experimetnal pela raça V. B. no cobaio. As cobaias fêmeas prenhes, quando inoculadas com a raça V.B. apresentam, não raro, uma evolução mórbida aparentemente mais benígna que as não fecundadas.

Human palcentary total extract, Apoidin (Parke Davis - pre-hypophysoid sexual hormone), Cortone (Merck, U.S.A. - acetate of Cortisona) and citrated total blood of the human placenta, when injected as therapeutic treatment, had no beneficient influence in the evolution of the experimental diseas in the V. B. strain in the guienea-pig. The pregnant female guienea-pigs, when inoculated with the V.B. strain often present a morbid evolution apparently more benignant than those not fecundated.

O autor diz ter tentado a terapêutica do Tifo exantemático neotrópico entre nós, por várias maneiras, durante cêrca de 18 anos, sem que tivesse obtido resultado apreciável. Agora, porém, pensa que a questão está resolvida com o emprego apropriado da Terramicina. Antes dêsse antibiótico aparecer, aconselhára a Aureomycina e a Cloromicetina. Prefere, porém, agora a Terramycina, via oral e sub-cutânea ou intra muscular. Diz o autor que com ou sem terapêutica, as formas graves do Tifo exantemático neotrópico no Brasil deixavam escapar 16 a 18 % dos doentes. Foi por isso que agora, reunindo cerca de 34 casos das formas graves da doença, resolveu publicar o quadro que se segue. Nele vemos que dos doentes tratados com a Aureomicina, morreram 31,25% e os tratados com Terramicina, apenas 6,6%. Deve assinalar que o doente tratado com Terramicina que faleceu, esteve apenas no Hospital Cícero Ferreira, 7 horas antes da morte. Descreve 4 observações clínicas da doença.

The author states that, for about 18 years, he has attempted the therapeutica of Neotropic Exanthematic typhus in many years with no appreciable result. Now, however, he thinks the question is solved by the proper use of Terramycine. Before this antibiotic appeared he advised Aureomy of Terramycine. Before this antibiotic appeared he advised Aureomycine and Chloromicetine. He prefers, however, Terramycine, via the mouth, sub cutaneous or intra-muscular. The author says that with or without therapeutics 16 to 18 per cent of the serious cases of Neotropic Exanthematic Typhus in Brazil, recovered. For tis reason, bringing together about 34 cases of the serious forms of the disease, he resolved to publish the following table. Here we see that of the patients treated with Aureomycine, 31,25% died and of those treated with Teramycine, only 6,6%. It whould be noted that the Terramycine patient was in the Hospital Cícero Ferreira, only seven hours before he died. The author gives four clinical reports of the disease.

Die Auctoren stellten Untersuchungen an ueber die Heil- und Preventhivtherapie gegen den neo-tropischen Flecktyphus in Brasilien. Als Heilmittel gelangten zur Anwendung PABA (Para-amino-Benzolsaeure), Chlorofenol, Guanamidina, Aureomycin, Chloromiceten, Pas oder Para-amino-salicilico-Saeure, Streptomicina, Aralen und Paludrina. Als Preventivmittel benutzten sie den von der Drogarie Butantan in S. Paulo gelieferten Impfstoff. Vor allem empfehlen sie den Gebrauch von Aureomycin in geeigneten Dosen, selbst in schweren Faellen, und dann in Verbindung mit Chloromicetin. Betreffs der Preventivmittel halten sie es fuer verfrueht aus der Impfung eine dfinitive Folgerung zu ziehen.

Os autores estudaram comparativamente o valor da reação de Weil-Felix e de Fixação do Complemento nas doenças do grupo Tifo exantemático. Concluém que ambas têm qualidades e defeitos. Na doença precoce, ambos falharam. No período de estado da doença, os resultados são não raro, decisivos com as duas provas sorológicas. Dos ciqüenta (50) dias em diante, da doença natural, a reação de fixação do complemento é mais precisa, ao apurar os casos antigos de indivíduos afastados de constantes e repetidas injeções de virus, pelos hematofagos portadores. Naqueles pacientes que permanecem nos fócos conhecidos da doença, sujeitos a inoculações constantes de virus, o Weil-Felix é também de grande valor diagnóstico. Mostraram os autores que o carneiro (Ovisa aries) é pouco sensível á raça V. B do Brasil e que o tatu (Tatus novencintus) não é sensível á mesma raça. Repetindo dados já antigo, apurados em Belo Horizonte, os autores verificaram que a raça V. B. do virus brasileiro atravessa a placenta e infecta o organismo dos fetos.

The authors made a comparative study on the value of the Weil-Felix reaction and the Fixation of the Complement in the diseases of exanthematic typhus group. They come to the conclusion that both have qualities and defects. In precocius disease, both failed. in the period of development of the disease, two sorological tests often produce decisive results. From the fiftieth day of the natural disease, the reaction of the fixation of the complement is more precise, in the investigation of former cases of individuals, free from constant and repeated injection of virus by the hematophagous carriers. In those patients that remain in the known centres of the disease, subject to constant inoculations of the virus, the Weil-Felix is also of great diagnostic value. The authors showed that the sheep (Ovis avies) is only slightly sensitive to the V.B. strain of Brazil and that the armadillo (Tatus novencinctus) is not sensitive to the same strain. Repeating former data, verified in Bello Horizonte, the authors found that the V.B. strain of the brazilian virus goes through the placenta and infects the organism of the fetus. They verified the presence of the murine variety of Exanthematic Typhus in Ouro Preto and other cities of Minas Gerais.

Die Verfasser machten vergleichend Studien ueber den Wert der Weil-Felix-reaktion der Verbindung des Komplements bei denKrankheiten von der Gruppe des Flecktyphus. Sie zogen die Schlussfolgerung, dass beide sowohl Vorzuege wie Maengel haben. Im Vorstadium der Krankheit haben beide versagt. Aber in der periode des krankheitsstadiums sind die resultate nich selten entscheidend mit beiden-Serum-Proben. Nach 50 Tagen des natuerlichen verblautes der Krankheit ist die Reaktion der Verbindung des Komplements mehr praezis bei der Untersuchung frueherer Faelle bei Personen, welche von den fortwaehrenden und wiederholten Virus-Ansteckungen durch krankheitstraeger isoliert blieben. Blei jenen patienten, welch in den bekannten Krankheitsherden verblieben und der fortwaehrenden Virus-Ansteckungen ausgesetzt waren, ist die Weil-Felix-Reaktion auch von grossen diagnostischen Wert. Die Verfasser beweisen, dess Schafe (Ovies aries) wenig empfindlich sind fuer den V.B. von Brasilien, und dass das Guerteltier ueberhaupt nicht empfindlich ist fuer diesen Virus. Indem sie Ergebnisse, die in Belo Horizonte, frueher schon untersucht wurden, anfuehren, stellten die Verfasser fest, dass die Gattung V. B. des brasilianischen Virus die Placenta durchbricht und den Organismus des Embrio-Organismus ansteckt. Die verfasser haben die Gegenwart des Typhus murino, welcher eine Verchiedenheit des Flecktyphus darstellt, in Ouro Preto und anderen Städen von Staate Minas Geraes festgestellt.

In articles, already published, we have proved that the strain V. B. of Brazilian virus, goes through the placenta (Macacus rhesus) (1) and the apparently normal gastro-intestinal tube (1934-1937) (Canis familiaris) (2). Today we present the idea that the Brazilian virus can reach the milk of an animal even when the latter has only the unapparent disease. In former articles (**), we have shown that the goat (Capra hircus) can be an excellent reservoir of Brazilian virus, having the strain V. B. in its blood and presenting a Weil Felix reaction high and in “group”, with the disease unapparent. When the goats are bred in the laboratory, and even in some foci of the disease, they give a negative Weil Felix, being zero for all the nine strains of Proteus. In the interior of Brazil, in many localities, goats substitute cows, in supplying milk for children and adults, and in some districts goat’s milk is considered superior to cow’s milk, possessing marvellous qualities for men, women an children. Having proved, now, that goat’s milk can contain the virus even when the animal presents nothing clinically, and having also shown that this virus goes through the digestive tube apparently sound, it is easy to understand how infants-in-arms, that is, only a few months old, living in strictly domestic surroundings, can contract the disease; we have many such cases on record. Protocol of the experiments: Goat nº 2, white, January 1948. This animal had been inoculated with the V. B. strain of the Brazilian virus in June 1947, via intra-peritoneal, presenting nothing then, not even a feverish reaction. On that occasion it was not possible to isolate the virus of the blood, although the Weil Felix reaction was positive, high and in “group”. Now January 17, 1948, seven months later, the same animal was reinoculated with a semple of virus V. B. in the same manner (intra-peritoneal) two days after bringing forth two sturdy kids. The virus V. B. was obtained from guinea-pig n. 7170 whose thermic graph was as follows: Temperatura – 38,8 – 39,1 – 39,5 – 39,4 –39,8 – 40,4 – 40,2 – 40,1 - + Necropsy – Typical lesions. The spleen weighed 5 grammes. With 3c.c. of emulsion from the nervous system of this guinea-pig, we inoculated not only the goat, as also two guineapigs, number 14 and number 5. The following is the thermic graph of one: - Guinea-pig n. 14 – 38,9 – 39,1 – 39,2 – 39.2 – 40,7 – 41,0 – 40,5 – 40,4 – 40,1 - + Typical lesions. Guinea-pig n. 2 presented the following thermic graph after the infective inoculation: - 39,5 – 39,7 – 39,7 – 39,7 – 39,5 – 39,3 – 39,5 – 39,5 – 39,5 – etc. Clinically, this animal presented nothing unusual, feeding well and suckling the kids normally. The Weil Felix reaction was positive, in “group” high very similar to the reaction obtained in June 1947, with the first infective inoculation. On the third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh day after the infective inoculation, we took milk from the goat and inoculated male guinea-pigs via intra-celular and via intra-peritoneal, giving 5 c.c. to each animal. Guinea-pig n. 4663, inoculated with 5 c.c. of milk, via intra-muscular, taken on the third day of the infectaive inoculation, presented the following thermic graph: - 38.8 (*) – 39,1 – 39,0 – 39,1 – 40,1 – 40,1 – 40,8 (**) – 40,8 – Killed – Typical deisions (***). The virus V. B. of this goat, circulated naturally in the blood up to the third day, having passed into the milk, producing nothing in the kids, on account of the natural resistance of these animals to the disease. The Weil Felix reaction and that of Widal for the Burcellas suis, abortus and militensis were negative for the goat and the kids. It is remarkable that, even with inoculation of the living virus after a period of seven months we cannot get a real and absolute immunity of sensitive animals. We shall return to this subject later. The hart Mazama simplicicornis may be a carrier of the virus in Brasil. The experimental serum against the virus of Exanthematic neotropical typhus has not protected guinea-pigs.

Os autores estudaram a doença produzida pelo «Schistosoma Mansoni» em Minas Gerais, Brasil. Fizeram um resumo histórico dos próprios trabalhos, iniciados no ano de 1933 em Belo Horizonte. Em 1937 um dos autores já havia mesmo, sentido a gravidade do problema sanitário, chamando a atenção para o Govêrno de Minas Gerais. Publicam os estudos que fizeram, inclu¬sive de lagos artificial da Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, e o parecer para ali combater a verminose. Dão os aspectos clínicos da doença, chamando a atenção para alguns dos mais importantes, clínicos e cirúrgicos da verminose. Referem às dificuldades do diagnostico, terapêutica e profilaxia, expondo a distribuição geográfica em Minas Gerais e publicando um mapa baseado nos estudos próprios e de outros colegas, feitos em 88 cidades mineiras. A média geral que os autores apuraram nas cidades infestadas foi de 13,70% para o trematódeo. Propõem, como já fizeram em 1941, a criação de um Serviço de combate à Esquistosomose no Brasil.(AU)

The authours have studied the disease caused by the Schistosoma Mansoni in Minas Gerais, Brasil. They have made an historical summary of their own work, begun in 1933 in Belo Horizonte. In 1937 one of the authors, seeing the gravity of the sanitary problem, brought it to the notice of the government of Minas Gerais. They publish the studies they made, including that of the artificial lake of Pampulha, Belo Horizonte and their plan for fighting the verminosis. They give the clinical aspects of the disease, calling attention to the most important, clinical and surgical, of the verminosis. They refer to the difficulties of the diagnosis, therapeutics and prophylaxis, showing the geographical distribution in Minas Gerais and publish a map, based on their own studies and those of other colleagues, made in 88 cities of Minas Gerais. The average that the authors found in the infested cities, was 13.70 % for the trematodo. They suggest, as they had already done in 1941, the creation of a National Service against Schistosomiasis in Brasil.

O outor estuda os processos de combate aos acidentes pelas picadas dos escorpiões, visando: a) Profilaxia e b) Terapêutica. Refere-se à luta nos campos e nas cidades e aqui, dentro e fora dos domicílios. Assinala os diferentes métodos para o combate a êsses artrópodos peçonhentos. Fala na luta direta, indireta, na vacinação pelo anaveneno, na propaganda pela educação racional da população contra o perigo dos acidentes. Refere-se à "cata" dos escorpiões, à luta química, ao emprêgo de animais escorpiófagos, á feitura de casas e jardins anti-escorpiões. Na primeira parte do presente trabalho o autor trata da luta química pelo d. D. T. contra os tityus bahiensis e serrulatus, concluindo que êste corpo químico é um poderoso elemento de luta contra êstes escorpiões. Na segunda parte do trabalho, o autor trata da terapêutica dos acidentes. Mostra a necessidade do emprêgo convenientemente da única terapêutica racional e eficaz contra a intoxicação escorpiônica: a soroterapia específica. Assinala a necessidade da injeção de doses maciças de um sôro de alta valência, preparado em bovídeos, para evitar o mais possível o choque anafilático, no menor tempo possível após as picadas. Aconselha o empêgo de anaveneno escorpiônico, para vacinação principalmente de crianças de baixa idade, nos lugares fortemente infestados pelos escorpiões (principalmente Tityus serrulatus), maximé quando no local não houver sôro anti-escorpiônico específico, como meio preventivo contra a gravidade das intoxicações. Cita finalmente os trabalhos recentes de Grasset, Shaasfsma e Hodgson, na África do Sul, que confirmam muitas idéias do autor e mostram a unidade universal do síndromo escorpiônico descrito no Brasil.

O autor descreve longamente uma observação dêste raro síndromo de lesão dos troncos nervosos periféricos dos nervos craneanos. No histórico do paciente, apurou a Micose pulmonar, pelo Neogeotrichum pulmoneum e úlcera estomacal, havendo-se curado de ambas. O síndromo nervoso atual foi de origem traumática, por arma de fogo, penetrando a bala no espaço retro-parotidiano e lesando, com maior ou menor intensidade, os nervos glossofaringeu, pneumogástrico, espinhal, hipoglosso e o simpatico cervical esquerdos. Além do síndromo nervoso, teve o paciente um aneurisma da artéria carótida primitiva, que foi ligado.

The author describes at length a clinical observation of this rare syndrome of the lesions of the peripheric nervous trunks of the cranial nerves. In the clinical history of the patient, the author verified a pulmonary mycosis by Neogeotrichum pulmoneum and stomack ulcer, both having been cured. The present nervous syndrome was of traumatic origin, by a fire-arm, the bullet having penetrated the retro-parotidian space, wounding with more or less intensity the glossopharyngeal, vagus, spinal, hypoglossal and the cervical sympathetic nerves, all of the left. Besides the nervous syndrome, the patient suffered an aneurism of the primitive carotid artery which was tied.

Os autores estudam as micoses produzidas principalmente por microsifonados em homens e animais, no Estado de Minas Gerais. Estudam as seguintes espécies: I - "Actinomyces bovis". II - "Actinomyces brasiliensis". III - "Proactinomyces asteroides var. decolor". Descrevem também um caso de micetoma podal, por "Monosporium apiospermum" e dois casos de pseudo micetoma: O primeiro, na face, pelo "Rhinocladium Beurmanni eo segundo, nos braços, pelos sáis de cálcio. Relatam as noções fundamentais sôbre granulomas actinomicóticos e descrevem as propriedades culturais das espécies. Dão um resumo das observações clínicas com as respectivas origens.

The authors study the mycosis produced principally by microsiphonades in man and animals, in the State of Minas Gerais. The following species are studied: I - "Actinomyces bovis". II - "Actinomyces brasiliensis". III - "Proactinomyces asteroides var. decolor". They also describe a case of foot-mycetoma (Madura-foot) by "Monosporium apiospermum" and two cases of pseudo mycetoma: The first, on the cheeck, by "Rhinocladium Beurmanni" and the second, on teh arms, by calcium salts. They relate the fundamental notions on actinomicotic granules and describe the cultural properties of the species. They give a summary of clinical observations with their respective origins.